by

prep

1. near, next to, beside, abreast of, Dial. aside of; through, through the agency of, under the aegis or auspices of; by way of, via, over, along, on; not later than, before, at.

adv

2. near, at hand, in the immediate vicinity; past, beyond; aside, to one side, away, out of the way.

3. by and large

in general, for the most part, on the whole; as a rule, usually, most of the time.